As a member of the steering committee of the first international standard for smart Cities ISO37106, how do you think the planning, design and construction industry can help cities have a smart coexistence with the virus?What kind of smart standards should cities adopt to cope with the epidemic and how can these be achieved? 

作为首个智慧城市国际标准ISO37106指导委员会委员，您认为规划、设计、施工行业如何帮助城市与病毒实现智慧共存？ 城市应该采取什么样的智能标准来应对疫情，如何才能实现？ 

TIM STONOR：

In thinking about standards we need to consider two key dimensions: inputs standards and outputs standards. Let’s start with the output standards. Or, in other words, the performance standards. What are we expecting cities to do? 

在考虑标准时，我们需要考虑两个关键维度：输入标准和输出标准。让我们从输出标准，或者说从性能标准开始。我们期待城市怎么做？

And the first thing we need cities to do is to keep us safe and of course the Coronavirus puts this aspect of urban performance into sharp focus. But safety has always been a concern for as long as we’ve had cities: safety against fire, against flood and of course against attack. 

首先，城市需要为我们提供安全保障。当然，新冠病毒使城市在这方面的表现尤为凸显。但是，自从我们有城市以来，安全一直是人们关注的问题：防火安全，洪水防御和攻击防御。 

Now let’s consider the input standards – the design standards - to address safety. Whereas fire, flooding and attack have typically required physical measures: brick replacing timber construction after the Great Fire of London, for example, and flood defences protecting low-lying places from the sea, the Coronavirus places a requirement on spatial measures: on ventilation standards, which may lead to better mechanical air filtration but may equally equate to the opening up of architectural facades, from windows to entire ground floor frontages, thus blurring the relationship between public and private space. I think this offers exciting opportunities for designers. 

现在让我们考虑输入标准也就是设计标准来解决安全问题。火灾、洪水和恐怖袭击通常需要物理措施：例如，伦敦大火后用砖代替木结构，还有比如保护低洼地区免受海水侵袭的防洪设施。新冠病毒对空间也提出了更高的要求，比如通风的标准，建筑立面的通风可能会使机械空气过滤更优但也可能等同于开放建筑立面，从窗户到整个建筑物的楼面，模糊了公共空间和私人空间之间的关系。我认为这为设计师提供了值得研究的设计机遇。 

Another spatial input factor is street connectivity, which is of course measured by Space Syntax tools. Spatial connectivity matters because it influences the way we move: whether, for example, we choose healthier options such as walking and cycling. The healthier we are the better we can defend ourselves against viral attack.

另一个空间输入要素是街道连通性，这是通过 Space Syntax 工具来衡量的。空间连通性很重要，因为它会影响我们的出行方式：例如，我们是否有更健康的选择，比如步行和骑车。人类越健康就越能抵御病毒攻击。 

And when it comes to standards, this is something we are working on at Space Syntax: for example, minimum levels of spatial connectivity so that people are given the opportunity to walk and cycle. They may not always choose to do so but, if those minimum levels are not there they have no choice and instead have to drive. 

当谈到标准时，这是我们在 Space Syntax 中正在努力的事情：例如，空间贯通的最低标准是人们可以通过步行和骑自行车到达。但如果没有这这样的可达性，大家别无选择，只能开车。 

Of course making cities safe is not the only performance requirement of cities. We also need to make cities convivial: thriving with frequent informal, social contacts between people.

当然，让城市安全并不是人们对城市的唯一要求。我们还需要让城市充满欢乐：通过人与人之间频繁的非正式社交接触而繁荣起来。 

And the way we’ve learned to make this happen is first by slowing down to walking speed and then by mixing land uses such that everyday destinations are closer to home. By, as far as possible, removing the dull, daily commute that confines people to antisocial and unhealthy sedentary behaviours. 

我们学会实现这一目标的方法首先是放慢步行速度，然后混合土地用途，使日常目的地离家更近。通过这些方式，尽可能地让人们远离那些使之陷于不宜社交的日常通勤和不健康的久坐行为。 

In the same way that we can measure spatial connectivity, so we can measure the degree to which people are close to each other and to other everyday land uses and are therefore likely to walk more. Indeed we’ve created the Walkability Index to provide a tool for urban planners to check current levels of walkability and measure proposed levels in future plans. 

同样的方式我们可以测量空间的连通性，测量人们彼此接近的程度以及其他日常土地使用的程度，这样可能会更多的选择步行。事实上，我们创建了步行指数，为城市规划者提供一个工具，以检查当前的步行水平，并在未来的设计中考量距离的远近。 

By studying towns and cities across the world we’re learning about the levels of land use mix and spatial connectivity that make the difference between a community that walks more, or walks less, and this means we can set standards that need to be achieved in new designs. 

通过研究世界各地的城镇，我们正在了解土地利用组合和空间连通性的水平，这些会影响人们在社区中步行的多少，这意味着我们可以在新的设计中设定需要达到的标准。 

Now you may think that surely we need less social contact because of the Coronavirus, not more. But this is when we need to remember the fundamental performance of cities, which is to generate social and economic transactions that lead to new ideas and new inventions that help us solve the greatest problems of our time, that help us to create great works of art, that attract the most ambitious and skilled people and that nurture our cultures. 

现在你可能会认为，由于新冠病毒，我们肯定需要更少而不是更多的社会接触。但这时我们需要牢记城市的基本性能，即产生社交和经济交易，从而产生新的想法和新发明，帮助我们解决这个时代最大的问题，引导我们创造艺术作品的同时吸引雄心勃勃且有一技之长的人，滋养我们的文化。 

As vaccinations and other measures help reduce the risk of Coronavirus infection, we will need our cities to be more convivial than they have ever been. This has always been the case: after fires, floods and attacks of all kinds, we keep building cities in order to connect people together, because we recognise the power of connected places. What new technologies - such as those we’re creating at Space Syntax - can do is to lock in the performance standards that drive the movement and interaction patterns that foster the processes of invention and innovation that make cities the greatest inventions of humanity. 

由于疫苗接种和其他措施有助于降低感染冠状病毒的风险，我们将需要我们的城市比以往任何时候都更加团结。向来如此：在火灾、洪水和各种袭击之后，我们继续建设城市以将人们联系在一起，我们感受到了相互合作的力量。比如我们在 Space Syntax 创造的新技术，可以做的是锁定驱动运动和交互模式的标准，从而促进发明和创新过程，使城市成为人类最伟大的发明。